Elizabeth Heneage 1556-1634

Elizabeth HENEAGE or FINCH, Countess of Winchilsea 1556-1634

Biographical Note

The Finch family produced a number of peers, MPs and statesmen during the 17th century, many of whom left recorded traces of library ownership, while others who will certainly have owned books have not. This entry is largely replicated for each of the individual members as the movement of books between them, and down the generations, is not clear.

Moyle Finch, son of Sir Thomas Finch of Eastwell, Kent, was MP for several south coast constituencies between 1572 and 1601, and held various civic offices in Kent. He purchased a baronetcy in 1611 and his widow, Elizabeth, (to whom this entry refers) was created Countess of Winchilsea in 1628. Of their children, the first son Sir Theophilus, 2nd baronet, died in 1619; the second son, Thomas (1578-1639) inherited the peerage title as 2nd Earl of Winchilsea, and the third, Sir Heneage Finch (1580-1631) had a distinguished legal career, including the offices of Recorder of London (1621-31) and speaker of the House of Commons (1626). He amassed considerable wealth and at the end of his life owned the estate in Kensington which later became Kensington Palace. Of his children, his first son Heneage Finch (1621-82) became Lord Chancellor in 1675, after a successful political/legal career after the Restoration as Solicitor General and Attorney General, and was made 1st Earl of Nottingham in 1681. A younger brother Sir John Finch (1626-1682) studied medicine on the continent during the Interregnum and although elected FRS and FRCP in the early 1660s spent much of the rest of his life abroad, being English ambassador in Constantinople during the 1670s.

In the elder line, the eldest son of Thomas, 2nd Earl of Winchilsea, also named Heneage Finch (ca.1635-1689), became 3rd Earl on the death of his father in 1639; his son William (1652-1672) predeceased him and the title passed to William's son Charles Finch, 4th Earl of Winchilsea (1672-1712). After his death the title passed to his uncle, a younger son of the 3rd Earl (Heneage Finch 1657-1726), then to his half-brother John Finch, 6th Earl of Winchilsea (1683-1729), after which the Winchilsea and Nottingham peerages were united in Daniel Finch (1647-1730), the son of the Lord Chancellor, who was both the 2nd Earl of Nottingham and the 7th earl of Winchilsea.

Books

A small number of books are recorded with one of two similar armorial stamps used by Sir Moyle. Seven are listed in the armorials database with a stamp attributed to the Sir Heneage who was speaker of the Commons (d.1631), but as one of these books dates from 1666 this attribution is questionable, or the stamp continued in family use in some way. 13 books are listed using one of four stamps attributed to Heneage, 3rd Earl and two books are known with the coroneted monogram stamp used by Charles, 4th Earl. These last two books also carry an armorial bookplate made for the 4th Earl, dated 1704 (Franks 10492/*60). ODNB notes that many of the books of the physician Sir John Finch, bequeathed to Daniel, 2nd Earl of Nottingham/7th Earl of Winchilsea, were destroyed by a fire at the latter's house at Burley on the Hill, Rutland.

It is likely that books will have passed around and accumulated between these various generations and branches of the family, moving between multiple houses, in ways which cannot now be traced in any detail. Sir Moyle's will includes a wish that the household stuff and furniture at each of his houses should "continue to the houses". The will of the 3rd earl makes no reference to his books, but he bequeaths all of his goods and personal estate to his wife, Elizabeth, who was his sole executrix.

In 1758 the library of "the late Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Lord Winchelsea", together with that of his chaplain John Creyke, "and many other considerable libraries" was sold by retail sale by Thomas Osborne in London. Two sale catalogues survive, dating the sale as beginning on 2 January (part 1) and 26 April (part 2). This sale is most likely linked to the 5th earl, rather than the 3rd. He is known to have been close friends with a John Creyke, who was named as an executor in his will, and is described there as a 'Reverend John Creyke of the parish of St Anne Westm[inste]r in the county of Middlesex'. The 5th earl described this Creyke to Dr Stukeley as his friend, and Creyke in turn writes to Stukeley in September 1726, "This morning at five minutes before six I performed the doleful office of closing the eyes of my dear lord Winchilsea who died of the Iliac passion". This sale was evidently a time when many Finch family books came onto the market.

Sources

• Thrush, Andrew Derek. '"Heneage, Elizabeth (married name Elizabeth Finch, countess of Winchilsea) (1556–1634), noblewoman."' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
• A catalogue of the libraries of the Reverend John Creyke, Chaplain of the late Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Lord Winchelsea, and many other considerable libraries, Vol. I [London, 1758], ESTC T150854.
• A catalogue of the libraries of the Right Honourable Heneage Finch, Earl of Winchelsea, and the Reverend John Creyke, his Lordship's Chaplain..., Vol. II, [London, 1758], ESTC T150854.
• Nichols, J. Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century: Comprizing Biographical Memoirs of William Bowyer, Printer, F.S.A., and Many of His Learned Friends.
• Reynolds, M. The poems of Anne, countess of Winchilsea. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1903. p.lxxxvi.
• Will of The Right Honorable Heneage Earl of Winchelsea, The National Archives PROB 11/396/315.
• Will of The Right Honorable Heneage Earl of Winchelsea of Eastwell, Ken**t**, The National Archives PROB 11/611/203.
• Information from Yvonne Noble.